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The Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Rising of 1549 was a rural rebellion that took place in Tudor England under the rule of Edward VI's Lord Protector, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset. Part of a series of disturbances across the country, it took place at the same time as the better-known Prayer Book Rebellion or Western Rising and for many of the same reasons: discontent at the introduction in June 1549 of the Book of Common Prayer, fuelled by economic distress and resentment at enclosures of common land.〔Caraman, P. ''The Western Rising, 1549'', Westcountry, 1994, p.80〕 Kett's Rebellion, which centred on enclosures, took place in the same month, contributing to a growing sense of national disorder in what was popularly known afterwards as "the commotion time". ==The Rising== Based mainly on the fact that, unlike other rebels, he was later tried in London, it is probable that James Webbe, the vicar of Barford St Michael, was the captain of the Rising. Other ringleaders were a wealthy farmer, Thomas Bouldry or Bowldry of Great Haseley, and Henry Joyes, vicar of Chipping Norton.〔A. Vere Woodman, "The Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Rising of 1549", ''Oxoniensia'', XXII, 82-83〕 Unlike the rising in Devon and Cornwall, it does not seem that any gentry became involved, and most of those whose names were to be associated with the Rising were either farmers, artisans, or parish priests. The Rising's quick suppression meant that the rebels' specific demands have gone unrecorded, though they were probably similar to those of the Cornish rising — reinstatement of the Six Articles and the Latin liturgy — with additional local grievances. Joyes, at Chipping Norton, appears to have joined the Rising because the effects of the chantries act had left him to minister alone to 800 parishioners.〔Beer, B. L. ''Rebellion and Riot'', Kent State UP, p.150〕 It is probable that local resentment at enclosures also played a part, particularly at Great Haseley, where Thomas Bouldry had been lessee of the demesne farm, and where the recently-enclosed deer park of Sir John Williams at Rycote House was attacked by a mob who subsequently broke into his house and drank his wine and beer.〔''Victoria County History Oxfordshire: Great Haseley'', "Social History", (Dec 2012) p.5〕 There had been some minor enclosure riots or disturbances in Buckinghamshire the previous year, though the authorities' response was lenient. The first clear evidence of an official response to the Rising is a letter from Somerset, the Protector, dated 10 July, in which he refers to persons "nuely assembled" in Buckinghamshire.〔Woodman, 79〕 On the 12th he described to Lord Russell - awaiting reinforcements to suppress the rising in the South-West - a "stirr here in Bucks. and Oxfordshire by instigacion of sundery priests", adding "kepe it to yr. selfe".〔Woodman, 79〕 The Rising gained momentum and after a brief delay, forces were dispatched in mid July under the formidable soldier William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton.〔Wood,''The 1549 Rebellions and the Making of Early Modern England'', Cambridge University Press, p.51〕 Accompanying him were 1500 mainly German and Swiss mercenary soldiers, ''en route'' to suppressing the West Country disturbances.〔McCoog (ed), ''The Reckoned Expense: Edmund Campion and the Early English Jesuits'', Boydell & Brewer p.43〕 The place at which Grey's force confronted the rebels is often thought to have been Enslow Hill in Oxfordshire, although an encampment near Chipping Norton has also been suggested.〔Wood,''The 1549 Rebellions and the Making of Early Modern England'', Cambridge University Press, p.51〕 King Edward noted the outcome in his journal for 18 July:
In the immediate aftermath of the troops' arrival, there were signs that the Privy Council was beginning to regret employing German ''landsknechts'' in Oxfordshire, as it was reported that people were threatening to leave not one foreigner alive in England.〔Cornwall, J. ''Revolt of the Peasantry 1549'', Routledge, 1977, p.130〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Rising of 1549」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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